VE za po?etnike
Mali vjetroagregati - uvod |
Autor Edo Jerki? |
Srijeda, 11 SijeÄanj 2012 23:24 |
Razvojem obnovljivih izvora energije i njihovom sve ve?om popularizacijom, a posebno promoviranjem distribuirane proizvodnje (struja se troi na mjestu proizvodnje) sve ve?u panju ireg kruga ljudi privla?i mogu?nost proizvodnje elektri?ne energije u "svom dvoritu". Tako je recimo u Njema?koj velika ve?ina snage solarnih fotonaponskih sustava instalirana na krovovima fizi?kih osoba, a proces dobijanja dozvola za takvu malu solarnu elektranu je izuzetno jednostavan i kratak. I mada nitko ne osporava potrebu za velikim sustavima za proizvodnju energije da bi se pokrile sve potrebe ?ovje?anstva za elektri?nom energijom, mali sustavi za proizvodnju energije su u ve?ini zemalja donekle zapostavljeni, a njihov potencijal za poboljanje kvalitete ljudskog ivota je izniman. U Hrvatskoj je koritenje takvih malih sustava do prole godine bilo zapostavljeno, do mjere kad se moe ?ak i re?i da su takvi sustavi potpuno zanemareni. Vie o tom problemu i gomili vremena i truda koje se mora uloiti za prikupljanje daleko preopsene i nepotrebne dokumentacije za takve projekte pro?itajte na Obnovljivi.com portalu u seriji ?lanaka pod naslovom elim izgraditi (malu) elektranu na obnovljive izvore. Kako da krenem?. Istovremeno treba imati na umu kolike silne prednosti donosi takva proizvodnja elektri?ne energije. Kao prvo potronjom energije na mjestu proizvodnje se zna?ajno smanjuje optere?enje elektroenergetske mree, nadalje se smanjuju ogromni gubitci koji nastaju u prijenosu energije od mjesta proizvodnje do mjesta potronje. Jo jedna velika prednost je da se takvi sustavi postavljaju na krovove, fasade, nadstrenice i time ne zauzimaju ina?e slobodnu povrinu zemlje. Treba spomenuti i ?injenicu da su to sve redom mali projekti, s malim financijskim rizicima i u rukama fizi?kih osoba. Tako gra?ani drave postaju sami svoji investitori i proizvo?a?i energije, to bi u svakom slu?aju trebalo biti u interesu drave da elektri?nu energiju koju otkupljuje pla?a svojim gra?anima. Time bi se i zna?ajno pove?ala sigurnost opskrbe energijom u zaba?enim krajevima. A da ne spominjemo manja ulaganja u velike kapitalne projekte. 100.000 prosje?nih krovova u Hrvatskoj bi moglo imati instalirano 1.000 MW fotonaponskih sustava vie nego NE Krko. Istovremeno bi oni mogli proizvoditi 1 TWh, pa i vie elektri?ne energije godinje. Trenutno cijela Hrvatska troi cca 12 TWh elektri?ne energije godinje. No, ovaj ?lanak ima za ideju pribliiti upotrebu malih vjetroagregata irem krugu ljudi iz razloga to su male fotonaponske elektrane na krovovima ve? manje vie poznate i prili?no rasprostranjene. Isto tako fotonaponski moduli se u Hrvatskoj ve? neko vrijeme mogu kupiti na puno mjesta, a postoji i nekoliko tvornica koje proizvode iste, kao novigradski Solaris i varadinski Solvis. Mali vjetroagregati za instalaciju u urbanim i naseljenim podru?jima zapravo tek trae svoj put na tritu, makar su u mnogim slu?ajevima bolje rjeenje ili barem dobra nadopuna za male fotonaponske instalacije ili solarne instalacije za pripremu potrone tople vode. Mali vjetroagregati naime trebaju puno manju povrinu za instalaciju specifi?ne snage nego fotonaponski moduli, a istovremeno povrinu krova ostavljaju slobodnom za postavljanje solarnih toplinskih kolektora za pripremu potrone tople vode i/ili fotonaponskih modula. U slu?aju elje za instalacijom i fotonaponskih modula i malih vjetroagregata, oni se ?esto me?usobno dobro nadopunjuju u smislu dnevnog dijagrama proizvodnje, s obzirom na dnevne potrebe za elektri?nom energijom prosje?nog ku?anstva. Cijena malih vjetroagregata na tritu trenutno drasti?no varira, ovisno o proizvo?a?u i izvedbi, te samoj namjeni, tj. mjestu predvi?ene primjene. U svijetu tako postoji cijeli niz razli?itih izvedbi malih vjetroagregata, sa puno arolikijim tehnolokim rjeenjima nego kod velikih vjetroagregata, koji su u svojim komercijalnim izvedbama u osnovnim na?elima svi isti. Glavne konstrukcijske smjernice malih vjetragregata su one sa horizontalnom ili vertikalnom osi vrtnje. Neki od zanimljivijih predstavnika malih vjetroagregata trenutno su britanski qr5, japanski Air Dolphin, talijanski Pramac RevolutionAir i Ropatec, ameri?ki Aerotecture i Urban Green Energy, izraelski Leviathan Energy i drugi. Zanimljivi su i doma?i predstavnici, pa tako male vjetroagregate doma?e izrade nude Artas i Energy Plus. |
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elio bi izvrit neka ispitivanja o mogu?nosti postavljanja Vjetroelektrana na irem podru?ju Kalesije.Interesuje me gdje se mogu nabaviti instrumenti za mjerenje brzine vjetra i koja je cijena?
lp,
Adem Kari?, ing.ma.